Land Laws

Unit 1 — The Gujarat Land Revenue Code

  •       1.1  Definitions
  •       1.2  Constitution and power of Revenue Officers
  •       1.3  Section 4, 7, 7A, 8, 8A, 9, 10, 12, 12A, 17
  •       1.4  Land and Land Revenue — Section 37, 37A, 38, 39, 39A, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 to 52, 55, 56, 57

Unit 2 — Of the Grant, Use and Relinquishment of Unalienated Land (The Gujarat Land Revenue Code)

  •       2.1  Section 60, 61, 62, 65, 65A, 65B, 66, 67, 69, 69A

Unit 3 — The Gujarat Land Revenue Code

  •       3.1  Section 73, 73A, 73AA, 73AB, 73AC, 73AD, 73B, 79A
  •       3.2  Records of Rights: 135A to 135L
  •       3.3  Procedure of Revenue Officers: Section 188 to 202
  •       3.4  Appeals and Revision — Section 203 to 211

Unit 4 — The Gujarat Tenancy & Agricultural Lands Act, 1948

  •       4.1  History, Introduction, Needs
  •       4.2  Definitions, Persons to be tenants, Protected Tenants, Ceiling Area, Economic Holding, Irrigated Land, Rents and its Maximum and Minimum
  •       4.3  Section 9, 9A, 9B, 9C, 10, 10A — Suspension or Remission of Rent, Termination of Tenancy for default of tenant, Surrender of tenancy

Unit 5 — The Gujarat Tenancy & Agricultural Lands Act, 1948

  •       5.1  Bar to eviction from Dwelling House, Tenants Rights to trees planted by him, Tenant rights to produce naturally growing grass, Termination of Tenancy for personal cultivation and Non Agricultural uses/purposes — Section 31 to 31D, Transfer of Non Agriculturist Barred
  •       5.2  Construction of water course through land belonging to other person (Chapter VA)
  •       5.3  Appeal and Revision, Revision Power of collector, Limitations, Disposal of land transfers or acquisition of which is invalid

Unit 6 — The Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013

  •       6.1  Purposes, Need, Applicability of Act
  •       6.2  Definitions
  •       6.3  Determination of Social Impact and Public Purpose (Section 4)
  •       6.4  Public Hearing for Social Impact (Section 5)
  •       6.5  Publication of Social Impact (Section 6), Appraisal of Social Impact Assessment Report by an Expert Group
  •       6.6  Publication of Preliminary Notification and Acquisition (Section 11 to 30), Reference & establishment authority
  •       6.7  Rehabilitation and Resettlement Award (Section 31 to 42)
  •       6.8  Procedure and Manner of Rehabilitation and Resettlement (Section 43 to 47)
  •       6.1.1  The Gujarat Prevention of Fragmentation and Consolidation of Holding Act, 1947:

◦        6.1.2  Object

◦        6.1.3  Definitions

◦        6.1.4  Determination of Local areas

◦        6.1.5  Settlement of and determination of Standard areas — Sections 6 to 14

◦        6.1.6  Scheme of Consolidation of holdings — Section 15 to 30

 

 

UNIT 1 & 2: The Gujarat Land Revenue Code (GLRC)

  • The Sovereign Rule (Sec 37): The State Government is the ultimate owner of all land, including roads, bridges, and unoccupied soil.
  • Revenue Hierarchy: * Collector (Sec 8): The “District Head.”
    • Mamlatdar (Sec 12): The “Taluka Head” and most active Revenue Officer.
    • Talati: The village-level record keeper.
  • N.A. Permission (Sec 65): Agricultural land cannot be used for anything else without written permission. If the Collector doesn’t respond in 90 days, it is “Deemed Permission.”
  • Encroachment (Sec 61): Unauthorized use of government land leads to summary eviction and heavy fines.

UNIT 3: Records & Appeals

  • Restriction on Transfer (Sec 73A/73AA): “New Tenure” land cannot be sold without Collector’s permission. Transfer of tribal land to a non-tribal is strictly prohibited.
  • Record of Rights (Sec 135A-L):
    • 7/12 Extract: Shows ownership, occupancy, and crops.
    • Mutation (Sec 135D): When ownership changes, a 30-day notice is mandatory for objections.
  • Appeals (Sec 203): You can appeal a Mamlatdar’s order to the Collector, and a Collector’s order to the Gujarat Revenue Tribunal (GRT) or the SSRRD.
  • Revision (Sec 211): The “Suo Motu” power of the government to re-examine any record at any time (though typically within a 3-year limit).

UNIT 4 & 5: Tenancy & “Land to the Tiller”

  • The Slogan: “Land to the Tiller” (GTALA, 1948). The goal was to end the landlord system and make the farmer the owner.
  • Tiller’s Day: April 1st, 1957. On this day, every tenant was deemed to have purchased the land from their landlord at a government-fixed price.
  • Rent Control (Sec 8 & 9): Rent must be paid in cash and is capped at 5 times the land revenue.
  • Bar on Non-Agriculturists (Sec 63): You cannot buy a farm in Gujarat unless you are already a Certified Farmer.
  • 84C Proceedings: If a sale is found to be illegal (e.g., sold to a non-farmer), the land is forfeited to the State Government.

UNIT 6: Acquisition, Fragmentation & Consolidation

  • RFCTLARR Act, 2013:
    • Public Purpose: Land can only be taken for projects that benefit the public.
    • SIA (Sec 4): A Social Impact Assessment is mandatory before any acquisition.
    • Compensation: Rural areas get up to 4x the market value; Urban areas get 2x. Plus a 100% Solatium (Sec 30).
  • Fragmentation (1947 Act):
    • Fragment: A piece of land smaller than the “Standard Area” (the size needed to farm profitably).
    • Bar on Sale: You cannot sell a fragment to anyone except the owner of the neighboring plot.
  • Consolidation: The government “re-arranges” small scattered plots into one large, continuous farm for the farmer to increase efficiency.

💡  Exam Strategy:

  1. Revenue Jargon: Use terms like “Sanad” (Grant), “Occupant Class I” (Old Tenure), and “Occupant Class II” (New Tenure).
  2. Statutory Timelines: Mention the 90-day N.A. limit and the 30-day Mutation objection period.
  3. The “84C” Warning: In any question about selling farm land, always mention that selling to a non-farmer is void under Section 63 and leads to forfeiture under Section 84C.

 

 

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